© 1980
Аугустинавичюте
А.
Model of the information metabolism
Scientific and technical revolution unites two
tendencies: the building of qualitatively new production enterprises and
qualitatively new approach to the use of working resources. In this situation
the problem of psychological typologies acquires new importance.
To the attention of the readers I propose the
typology, which Karl Gustav Young created and which I a little improved, using
theory of information metabolism A. Kepinski. It gives the possibility to look
at each individual as on the carrier of the specific social function, which
depends on the type of its personality or intellect. The type of intellect
determines the method, such as individual accepts information from the external
peace and this information is subjected to what selection. On this the ability
to manifest attention to one or other aspect of the external life depends:
interests, the aspiration of individual, the directivity of his behavior,
relation to other people.
Necessary condition of the functioning of any
organism - double bond with the surrounding peace. From one side it is
connected in the process of energy metabolism, i.e., in the chemical exchange
of substances with the environment. From other side, through the process of
information metabolism, into the sum of electro-magnetic phenomena. On A. Kepinski,
the external information signals, which assumes the psyche, become similar to
the food, which for the process of energy metabolism obtains organism, i.e.,
just as food it is necessary for 3m organisms, so information signals for FOR
THEM psyche.
Reception and transfer of signals depend on
the formation of energy pulses in the system, which picks up these signals.
I.e., the process of information metabolism in the organism begins with the
formation of small energy charges. So that the brain would function as the
apparatus of information metabolism, it must be ensured constantly by the
signals, obtained both from without, and from the organism itself. If the flow
of these signals or information for some time ceases, the disintegration of
psyche begins.
Each system, according to information theory,
assumes only adequate to itself information. I.e., are picked up only those
signals, such as itself can issue. The part of the signals is received more
osoznanno. But also reveal the same signals also more osoznanno. For example,
man, which does not note he speaks in what tone, is not turned attention also
to the tone of other people.
It is necessary to group and to systematize
the signals obtained from without. In the first group fall all dynamic processes,
all moving. By each conscious and unconscious motion of men it reports to other
not only, that it at present makes, but to a certain degree and that will make
somewhat late. Another part of the signals - signals about the emotional states
and the moods of people. These two groups of signals - signals about the
dynamics: external and internal.
Information about the static phenomena also
has two aspects. Each organism, first of all, - the object, which tries to
avoid collision with other to it dangerous objects. Therefore it is necessary
to assume and to give information about its external qualities. Simultaneously
he feels the need for examine its own structure and structures of other
objects, and thus to understand potential possibilities - its and strangers.
These signals are also transferred, for example, by the color of face, by its
mobility.
Thus, it is possible to say what do the man
has, as in each living being, are four functions, or four abilities of
adaptation to the external peace. This as four groups of the possibilities of
man, which subsequently we will call extraversion and designate by the
following symbols: 
, 
, 
, 
. The ability to gather information
about the external processes we will conditionally call logic - , the ability to gather information
about the internal processes, which occur in the internal peace of man - ethics - , the ability to have a precise
information about the form and appearances of the surrounding objects - sensing
- , and the ability to examine structure
and potential abilities – intuition - .
Any form of information is processed by one of
two methods: information about the objects and to their structure -
it is mastered against the background of the
distance between them - 
(white
logic) and against the background of their mutual attraction to each other - 
(white ethics). Information about the
processes is comprehended against the background of time - 
(white
intuition) and against the background of health - 
(white sensing). Thus, are four
three-dimensional abilities or the skills of the psyche: the perception of
distances , the perception of attraction-
repulsion , the perception of time and
the perception of health in the space .
It is possible to compile this table:
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Symbols of the separate component parts of
the perception |
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black |
white |
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the property of the object |
the property of the space |
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Action and motion |
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Distances |
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Enthusiasm, motivate to action |
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Attraction |
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Shapes and form |
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Status |
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Structures |
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Time |
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These abilities are inherent in entire living.
Man is allotted by the fact that has not one, but sixteen types of personality.
Therefore in the psyche of individuals with the different types of personality
only some of these elements of perception take special position. Two of them
prevail, creating so-called EGO. This is confirmed, when we, studying people,
see how unequally they think, how many different versions of the very method of
thinking exist during the solution of one and the same problem.
If we examine a question in the theoretically
abstract plan, then in the brain with its functioning the displacement of
energy charges occurs. Two rings of information metabolism (BY THEM), are
formed, we represent figures at the end of the article.
One of these rings (static) receives and is
processed information about the form of objects, their structure, attraction to
other objects and distance between them. In this case the information starts
both about the objects of external peace and about itself as object. This is -
starting point for the analytical thinking.
The second ring assumes dynamic information, i.e., information about the internal
motion in the object (including about the emotions) and a change of the place
in the space. Against the background, as has already been spoken, health and in
the context of time. This is - starting point for the synthetic thinking.
One of these rings (in the figure - upper)
more active, another - is more passive. Therefore thinking some types BY THEM,
predominantly, analytical, others - synthetic. It is interesting that people
with the analytic- static thinking always know, what purpose they attain, and
with the synthetics- dynamic thinking they are legible means for the
achievement of the objective.
One element of active and one element of
passive ring performs the role of the first in the number IM. when in the
active, upper ring this role it belongs to white half-cycle - it is formed the
introverted psyche, inclined to certain rastozhdestvleniyu with the external
peace. When this role belongs to black half-cycle - we have the extraverted
psyche of man, clearly inverted to the external, but not to the internal peace.
First in both rings
always there are paired elements, for
example, and , or and ect.
In connection with the fact that the energy
pulse can have one of two directions, and active ring are both rings, it
becomes clear, why the types of personality sixteen: 4 x 2 x 2 = 16.
Active ring assumes information IT directly
from nature and other environment. Including - social. Here there is very much
independence. If man on them obtains orders and indications, then their
correspondence to real vital situation is checked. In this ring and block EGO.
Concerning 3GO- block, one should say that the individual on the basis of the
information processed by it is inclined only to lead, but not to be
subordinated.
The activity of passive ring in sotsiume is
limited seemingly auxiliary role. Information in essence about itself and its
activity. If in the active ring is a block EGO and SUPEREGO, i.e. - social
personality and conscience of individual, then in the passive ring SUPER- ID -
anti-conscience - the charge of man with respect to those surrounding for his
insufficiently good health. And ID - block of the not very realized or
insufficiently realized individual activity. This ring has a tendency to listen
toward any directive information. If external activity does not be sufficient
(activation), tendency toward the insufficient physical activity is formed.
This causes psychosomatic disturbances.
Thus, integral intellect is formed from the
people with sixteen types of thinking. This sixteen different and
simultaneously equivalent parts of the social intellect of society. It is
possible to say that the unit of integral human reason - this only together
sixteen types of personality.
The function of individual in the society is
determined by type and volume of intellect.
It is possible to speak about the social
function of a role of each type of personality. First of all about the fact
that some types fulfill the role of theorists, others - businessmen, the third
are disposed poetic, are properly inclined only to poetries, the fourth are inclined
to the power means of life. In some types the thinking is abstract, in others -
concrete.
To each it is necessary to feel, that into its
environment it introduces the contribution, which corresponds to a level of its
intellect and type of personality. In my opinion man more easily transfers
nedorealizatsiyu of his intellect, than to nedorealizatsiyu of the type of
personality.
Note with the transfer: It is now known, for
example, that the leading work worsens psychosomatic state in introverta and improves
in ekstraverta. Introvert is inclined to the work, where it can appear its
personal skills and merits, but not the talent of leader. The talent of leader
are inclined to manifest with more or smaller success all ekstravertnye types
personalities. For management by scientific research institutes best anything
be suitable both intuitive- logical ekstratima. By industrial and agricultural
enterprises, by especially large, and also different economic components in the
state, as in the government, can lead both sensory- logical ekstratima. For the
management of sociocultural establishments, up to the Red Cross and the society
“knowledge”, both ethics- sensory. For the management of theatrical type
organizations - ethics- intuitive ekstratimy.
We give below several models of the separate
types of the personality:
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1. Intuitive- logical extravert |
2. Logico- intuitive extravert |
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EGO |
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EGO |
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SUPER EGO |
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SUPEREGO |
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SUPERID |
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SUPERID |
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ID |
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3. Sensory- ethical intro-vert |
4. Ethics- sensory intro-vert |
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EGO |
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EGO |
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SUPER EGO |
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SUPER EGO |
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SUPERID |
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SUPERID |
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ID |
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ID |
Furthermore, there are still such types of the
personality:
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Extraversion: 5. Sensory- logical extravert |
Introvertsion: 11. Sensory- logical introversion |
* article is printed by 04.1980 in the
periodical”mokslas ir technology” in the Lithuanian language. Into the Russian language
the article with some reductions is translated by author himself in the
beginning of 1988.